Runtime: 41:26
We’d love to hear from you so that we can create the best possible podcast for primary care providers. Once you’ve finished listening, please take our short (5-minute) evaluation here.
SHOW NOTES
Summary
In this episode, journalist David P. Ball and perinatal addiction medicine specialist Dr. Eric Cattoni discuss the unique challenges facing people who are pregnant and use substances and the importance of building therapeutic rapport and trust. David and Dr. Cattoni then speak with three experts from the Families in Recovery program at BC Women’s Hospital. They provide care for pregnant individuals who use substances and their newborns in a single unit. We’ll hear from health care administrator Darci Skiber, social worker Meenakshi Mannoe, and peer engagement lead Melissa Dreyer.
Learning Objectives
- Discuss systemic barriers to care for pregnant people who use substances, shaped by misogyny, classism, and colonialism.
- Understand the importance of keeping birthers and their infants together during and after substance use treatment, while acknowledging the disproportionate impact of child removal on Indigenous families.
- Discuss the importance of including peers and social workers in comprehensive perinatal substance use care.
Lineup
In this episode, you’ll hear:
- 3:02 – Dr. Eric Cattoni, Co-host – Perinatal addiction medicine specialist; Medical Director, Families in Recovery (FIR) Square
- 10:04 – Darci Skiber, Guest – Executive Director of Mental Health and Substance Use Programs, BC Women’s Hospital
- 12:55 – Meenakshi Mannoe, Guest – Social Worker, FIR Square
- 17:17 – Melissa Dreyer, Guest – Peer Engagement Lead, FIR Square
Clinical Pearls
Here’s what listeners can take away from this episode:
- For the highly stigmatized population of pregnant people who use substances, developing therapeutic rapport at the first interaction is of vital importance. If the client feels stigmatized and judged, there is a higher likelihood they will not return to care. A warm, non-judgmental approach helps show the individual that you are genuine in your desire to help and that you care about their well-being. If possible, involve people with lived experience on your care team to help ensure you are walking alongside each client in their substance use care journey.
- Effective perinatal substance use care encompasses more than substance use. Clients are often facing numerous, complex life challenges and barriers due to systemic oppression. Thus, providing wraparound social services that support access to housing, food, a violence-free environment, safe sources of income, and timely antepartum medical care and mental health care can drastically improve the wellness trajectory of the birther-baby dyad before substance use is addressed.
- The opposite of trauma isn’t necessarily just healing, but power. To be trauma-informed, it’s essential to understand the power you hold as a provider and recognize that you are in a position to give some of that power back to the client.
Resources
Services and supports for pregnant individuals who use substances
- Families in Recovery (FIR) (BC Women’s Hospital) – Vancouver
- Sheway (Vancouver Aboriginal Health Society) – Vancouver
- Ellendale Residential Treatment – Vancouver
- Harmony House – Prince George
- HerWay Home – Victoria
- Karis Society – Kelowna
- Maxxine Wright Community Health Centre – Surrey
- Heartwood Residential Treatment Centre – Vancouver
- Peardonville Residential Treatment – Abbotsford
- Aboriginal Mother Centre Society – Vancouver
- First Nations Treatment Centres in B.C.
- BCAPOP Healthy Care Pregnancy Program
- [Toolkit] Thinking about pregnancy? A booklet to reflect on alcohol use before you are pregnant
- [Toolkit] Pregnancy and substance use: A harm reduction toolkit
- [Information] helpwithdrinking.ca: Pregnancy Resources
Supports for care providers
- Rapid Access to Consultative Expertise (RACELine) – Addiction Specialists: 1-877-696-2131 or 604-696-2131 (0800-1700 Monday to Friday)
- 24-7 Addiction Medicine Clinician Support Line: 778-945-7619
- Perinatal Substance Use Consult Line: 236-808-3573 (0900-1530 Daily)
- Perinatal Services BC: Health Hub.
- Helpwithdrinking.ca: Provider resources – Alcohol use in pregnancy.
- CanFASD: Girls, Women, Alcohol and Pregnancy.
- Mothering and Opioids: Addressing Stigma Acting Collaboratively (Toolkit).
Courses for care providers
- Provincial Opioid Addiction Treatment Support Program (MD/NP Module 15, RN/RPN Module 20)
- BC Women’s Hospital, Perinatal Services BC, and UBC CPD: Perinatal Substance Use
- BC Women’s Hospital: Perinatal Substance Use SafeCare Course
- Perinatal Services BC: Care of the Newborn Exposed to Substances during Pregnancy
- BCAPOP: Perinatal Substance Use 101 Training
Clinical care guidance and guidelines
- BC Centre on Substance Use, B.C. Ministry of Health, B.C. Ministry of Mental Health and Addictions, & Perinatal Services BC. A Guideline for the Clinical Management of Opioid Use Disorder—Pregnancy Supplement. Published June 2018.
- BC Centre on Substance Use, B.C. Ministry of Health. Provincial Guideline for the Clinical Management of High-Risk Drinking and Alcohol Use Disorder. Published October 2020.
- BC Women’s Hospital and Health Centre: Rooming-in Guideline for Perinatal Women Using Substances
- BC Women’s Hospital and Health Centre. FIR Model of Care. 2020 March.
- Graves et al. Guideline No. 405: Screening and Counselling for Alcohol Consumption During Pregnancy. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2020;42(9):1158-1173.
- Centres for Disease Control (CDC): Polysubstance Use During Pregnancy
- BC Reproductive Mental Health Program, Provincial Perinatal Substance Use Program, & Perinatal Services: BC Best Practice Guidelines for Mental Health Disorders in the Perinatal Period: Substance Use Disorders
- First Nations Health Authority: Sacred and Strong: Upholding our Matriarchal Roles The Health and Wellness Journeys of BC First Nations Women and Girls
- BCAPOP Perinatal Substance Use: Best Practice Resources
News articles and reports
- [Mentions Families in Recovery (FIR) Clinic] Kirkup K, Smith A. Overdoses are a leading cause of maternal deaths in Canada, but doctors say more integrated supports can save lives. The Globe and Mail. November 27, 2024. [Available with subscription]
- Dubinski K. As opioid crisis deepens, so does work with pregnant people in throes of addiction. CBC News. December 16, 2025.
- Morgan B. Indigenews. 2023. https://indiginews.com/news/b-c-government-fights-to-keep-birth-alerts-records-from-public-eye.
- Health Canada. Substance-related poisoning hospitalizations among people who are pregnant in Canada. Updated December 15, 2023.
Journal articles
- Boyd J, Maher L, Austin T, Lavalley J, Kerr T, McNeil R. Mothers who use drugs: Closing the gaps in harm reduction response amidst the dual epidemics of overdose and violence in a Canadian urban setting. Am J Public Health. 2022;112(S2):S191-8.
- Camden A, Ray JG, To T, Gomes T, Bai L, Guttmann A. Prevalence of prenatal opioid exposure in Ontario, Canada, 2014-2019. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(2):e2037388.
- Cleary BJ, Donnelly J, Strawbridge J, et al. Methadone dose and neonatal abstinence syndrome—systematic review and meta-analysis. Addiction. 2010;105(12):2071-2084.
- Corsi DJ, Hsu H, Fell DB, Wen SW, Walker M. Association of maternal opioid use in pregnancy with adverse perinatal outcomes in Ontario, Canada, from 2012 to 2018. JAMA Network Open. 2020;3(7):e208256.
- Krans EE, Kim JY, Chen Q, Rothenberger SD, James AE 3rd, Kelley D, Jarlenski MP. Outcomes associated with the use of medications for opioid use disorder during pregnancy. Addiction. 2021 Dec;116(12):3504-3514.
- Latuskie KA, Andrews NC, Motz M, Leibson T, Austin Z, Ito S, Pepler DJ. Reasons for substance use continuation and discontinuation during pregnancy: A qualitative study. Women Birth. 2019;32(1):e57-64.
- McQuaid RJ, Schwartz FD, Blackstock C, Matheson K, Anisman H, Bombay A. Parent-child separations and mental health among First Nations and Métis Peoples in Canada: Links to intergenerational residential school attendance. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(11):6877.
- Pac J, Durrance C, Berger L, Ehrenthal D. The effects of opioid use during pregnancy on infant health and well-being. Ann Am Acad Pol Soc Sci. 2022;703(1):106-138.
- Piske M, Homayra F, Min JE, Zhou H, Marchand C, Mead A, Ng J, Woolner M, Nosyk B. Opioid use disorder and perinatal outcomes. Pediatrics. 2021;148(4).
- Proulx D, Fantasia HC. The lived experience of postpartum women attending outpatient substance treatment for opioid or heroin use. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2021;66(2):211-7.
- Ritland L, Thomas V, Jongbloed K, Zamar DS, Teegee MP, Christian WK, Richardson CG, Guhn M, Schechter MT, Spittal PM, Cedar Project Partnership. The Cedar Project: Relationship between child apprehension and attempted suicide among young Indigenous mothers impacted by substance use in two Canadian cities. PLoS one. 2021;16(6):e0252993.
- Schmidt RA, Everett K, Perez‐Brumer A, Strike C, Rush B, Gomes T. A population‐based time‐series analysis of opioid agonist treatment dispensed during pregnancy. Addiction. 2024;119(6):1111-22.
- Thumath M, Humphreys D, Barlow J, Duff P, Braschel M, Bingham B, Pierre S, Shannon K. Overdose among mothers: The association between child removal and unintentional drug overdose in a longitudinal cohort of marginalised women in Canada. Int J Drug Policy. 2021;91:102977.
- Wolfson L, Schmidt RA, Stinson J, Poole N. Examining barriers to harm reduction and child welfare services for pregnant women and mothers who use substances using a stigma action framework. Health Soc Care Community. 2021;29(3):589-601.